many toxins are released within membrane vesicles. How common do you think this is? Is there a good method to disrupt membrane vesicles? Any other conversational thoughts?

Scot E. DOwd Ph.D. said:

many toxins are released within membrane vesicles. How common do you think this is? Is there a good method to disrupt membrane vesicles? Any other conversational thoughts?

the use of small inert beads & vortexing--possibly in liquid nitrogen or combined with ultrasound may work. getting the ratio of beads to mixture volume would probably have to be worked out experimentally

we have had good success disrupting dust mites with a mortar and pestle/combined with liquid nitrogen but don't know if subcellular organelles would also be disrupted.

jim