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<title>Glycobiology Protocol</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a595-protocolslist-glycobiology.aspx</link>
<description>Webforum for Glycobiology - Discussion of glycans and their functions. Topics include glycan diversity, glycosyltransferases and processing enzymes, lectins, glycomics, glycan structure analysis, O-GlcNAc, methods in glycobiology research Life Science Discussion</description>
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<managingEditor>sci7feed@sci7.nojunkorherepleasespam.com</managingEditor>
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<sy:updateBase>2005-05-05T12:00+00:00</sy:updateBase>
<item>
<title>Deglycosylatio using TFMS</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a7373-protocol-deglycosylatio+using+tfms.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[ Deglycosylation Using TFMS<br /> <br />Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications of proteins. Glycans attach to the peptide backbone through either amide or glycosidic bonds (N-linked or O-linked) and may be removed either enzymatically or chemically. Enzymatic modes offer mild conditions, but are specific for either N- or O-linked glycans. Chemical methods though are non-specific, but capable of removing the entire glycan complement under appropriate reaction co...]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jul 2011 10:28:50 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Microplate PAHBAH Assay for Carbohydrate Reducing Ends</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a7288-protocol-microplate+pahbah+assay+for+carbohydrate+reducing+ends.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[This protocol is a miniaturization of PAHBAH assay protocol from Megazyme.<br />Reagent A: Slurry 1.0 g of p-Hydroxy benzoic acid hydrazide (PAHBAH) in 6.0 ml of ddH2O. To this, add 1 ml of concentrated HCl. Make up the volume to 20 ml with ddH2O.<br />Reagent B: Dissolve 2.49 g of trisodium citrate in 50 ml of ddH2O. To this, dissolve 0.22 g of calcium chloride or 0.292 g of calcium chloride trihydrate. To this, dissolve 4.0 g sodium hydroxide. Adjust the volume to 200 ml with ddH2O.<br />...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 May 2010 09:41:15 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Microplate Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay for Total Carbohydrate</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a7245-protocol-microplate+phenol_sulfuric+acid+assay+for+total+carbohydrate.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[This is an amalgamation of bits and pieces I've learned, with my own modifications. It works for me in assaying oligo- and polysaccharides.<br />(1) Pipet 100 ul of concentrated sulfuric acid to a microplate. Note: Use acid resistant plate and pipette.<br />(2) Pipet 30 ul of ice-cooled sample to a sulfuric acid well. Note: Cooling the sample prevents violent boiling when aqueous sample is added to the sulfuric acid, it also increases the sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay.<br />(3) Pipe...]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 12:09:36 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Radioactive Glycosaminoglycan Labeling Protocol</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a7132-protocol-radioactive+glycosaminoglycan+labeling+protocol.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[1. Label cells with 50 mCi/ml [35S]O4 (t1/2 35S=87.4 days) in F12 + 10% dialyzed FBS (+ 100 Units Penicillin, but leave out the streptomycin). Other antibiotics can be added, but make sure they are not the sulfate salts. If glucosamine labeling are desired, use 20 Ci/ml [6-3H]glucosamine in F12 defined medium containing dialyzed FBS and 1 mM glucose. Remove 5 L and dilute to 50, count 10 L to determine actual radiospecific activity of medium. <br />2. Culture the cells for  2-3 days<br />The fol...]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2009 18:35:48 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Glycoproteomics Using Chemical Immobilization</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6774-protocol-glycoproteomics+using+chemical+immobilization.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[Protein glycosylation is prevalent in proteins destined for extracellular environments, e.g., transmembrane proteins, cell surface proteins, and secreted proteins in tissues and body fluids. These also are the proteins that are most easily accessible for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This unit describes methods for solid-phase extraction of glycopeptides and subsequent identification of glycopeptides as well as glycosylation sites. The extraction is based on the conjugation of glycopeptid...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:43 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Use of Glycosidases to Study Protein Trafficking</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6767-protocol-use+of+glycosidases+to+study+protein+trafficking.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[As proteins transit through the cell secretory pathway, modification of their substituent sugar chains occurs in a stepwise fashion. In the course of this processing (maturation) of oligosaccharide chains, the chains acquire sensitivity or resistance to highly specific glycosidases. Thus it is possible to identify processing mileposts by analyzing the general structure of the carbohydrate chains. This unit describes reaction conditions for the family of glycosidases and analysis of the results o...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:43 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Lectin Affinity Chromatography</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6778-protocol-lectin+affinity+chromatography.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[This unit describes the use of lectins for preparative glycoprotein purification. Con A-Sepharose and WGA-agarose are used for convenience and availability. Instructions are given for a small-scale pilot procedure to test for lectin binding and to determine elution conditions. There are many variations on the basic procedure in the literature, but all use the same principles: bind the protein to immobilized lectin through its sugar chain, wash away unbound protein, and elute bound protein with a...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:43 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Protocol for Beta-Elimination for Release of O-GalNAc-Linked Oligosaccharides from Glycoproteins and Glycopeptides</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6772-protocol-protocol+for+beta_elimination+for+release+of+o_galnac_linked+oligosaccharides+from+glycoproteins+and.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[This unit describes release of oligosaccharides that are attached to polypeptides through an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) linkage to the hydroxyl groups of serine or threonine. The ?-elimination procedures described here can be used to recover the oligosaccharide chains (also called glycans) and/or identify the serine or threonine residues involved in the linkage. A Beta-elimination method employing sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and alkaline conditions is described, and an alternative method is a...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:43 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Beta-Elimination for Release of O-Linked Glycosaminoglycans from Proteoglycans</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6773-protocol-beta_elimination+for+release+of+o_linked+glycosaminoglycans+from+proteoglycans.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[O-linked glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains in proteoglycans are readily released from their core proteins by treatment with alkali at room temperature. This -elimination is the same type of reaction as that for releasing O-linked oligosaccharides from their core proteins. Under the reaction conditions described here, N-linked oligosaccharides remain attached to the core protein, but any O-linked oligosaccharides will be released along with the GAG chains. The procedure can be used to isolate the fr...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:43 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Sialidases</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6754-protocol-sialidases.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon acidic sugars found at the nonreducing terminus of many glycoconjugates. Sialidases can remove these sugar units selectively from cell surfaces, membranes, or purified glycoconjugates. In this unit, sialidase digestion of purified glycoproteins is described as is treatment of intact cells. The physical properties of the four most useful sialidases are discussed along with their relative activities against sialic acids with different modifications and in d...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:42 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Special Considerations for Glycolipids and Their Purification</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6757-protocol-special+considerations+for+glycolipids+and+their+purification.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[This unit describes the antigenic stimulation of in vitro antibody production by B cells and the subsequent measurement of secreted antibodies. A generalized system for inducing in vitro antibody production is presented along with a procedure for quantifying the number of antibody-producing cells by plaque-forming cell (PFC) assays: the Cunningham-Szenberg technique and the Jerne-Nordin technique. The assay can be modified as described to measure all classes of antibodies or to enumerate total i...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:42 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Special Considerations for Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans and Their Purification</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6759-protocol-special+considerations+for+proteoglycans+and+glycosaminoglycans+and+their+purification.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[In this unit, protocols describe the production of polyclonal antisera specific for protein antigens in rabbits, rats, mice, and hamsters. A support protocol presents a method for preparing serum from blood.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:42 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Glycoconjugate Analysis</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6724-protocol-glycoconjugate+analysis.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[This overview from Current Protocols is great place to start to learn about the overall analysis of glycocongates.<br />Abstract - Whereas DNA, RNA, and proteins are linear polymers that can usually be directly sequenced, oligosaccharides show substantially more complexity,having branching and anomeric configurations ( and  linkages). The biosynthesis of oligosaccharides, termed glycosylation, is extremely complex, is not template-driven, varies among different cell types, and cannot be easily...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:41 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Metabolic Radiolabeling of Animal Cell Glycoconjugates</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6718-protocol-metabolic+radiolabeling+of+animal+cell+glycoconjugates.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[Useful information about glycoconjugates can be obtained by labeling their aglycone (noncarbohydrate) portions--e.g., labeling proteins with radioactive amino acids-and then using techniques described elsewhere in this chapter to infer the presence, type, and nature of oligosaccharide chains. This unit describes metabolic labeling techniques that provide more specific information about the structure, sequence, and distribution of the sugar chains of glycoconjugates. Following metabolic labeling,...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:41 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Inhibition of Glycolipid Biosynthesis</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6704-protocol-inhibition+of+glycolipid+biosynthesis.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[Adequate inhibition of glycolipid biosynthesis allows the study of their biological functions. The method presented in this unit employs a synthetic analog of ceramide, PDMP (1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol), that inhibits glycolipid biosynthesis in cultured cells. Optimum conditions for inhibition of glycolipid biosynthesis are determined, glycolipids extracted from cultures grown with and without inhibitor, and the patterns of glycolipids analyzed by HPTLC. Detection is achiev...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:41 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Radioactive Sugars</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6713-protocol-metabolic+labeling+of+glycoproteins+with+radioactive+sugars.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[This unit describes methods for preparation of glycoproteins metabolically labeled with radioactive sugars, sulfate, and phosphate. Methods for liberation of both N- and O-linked glycans are also described. These protocols can be used to generate materials for characterization of glycoprotein glycans from cultured cells.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:41 GMT</pubDate>
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<item>
<title>Inhibition of N-Linked Glycosylation</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6705-protocol-inhibition+of+n_linked+glycosylation.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[This unit describes the use of inhibitors in cultured cells to prevent N-linked glycosylation of proteins to yield glycoproteins containing missing or altered chains. This approach is useful for examining potential functional role(s) of oligosaccharides on specific proteins or intact cells. First, the optimal concentration of inhibitor for the experiment (i.e., highest nontoxic concentration) is determined by monitoring [35S]methionine incorporation as a measure of protein biosynthesis. The inhi...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:41 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Endoglycosidase and Glycoamidase Release of N-Linked Glycans</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6685-protocol-endoglycosidase+and+glycoamidase+release+of+n_linked+glycans.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[Nearly all proteins entering the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) become glycosylated en route to a cellular organelle, the plasma membrane, or the extracellular space. Many glycans can be attached to proteins, but the most common are the N-linked glycans (oligosaccharides). These chains are added very soon after a protein enters the ER, but they undergo extensive remodeling (processing), especially in the Golgi. Processing changes the sensitivity of the N-glycan to enzymes that cleave en...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:40 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Determining the Structure of Glycan Moieties by Mass Spectrometry</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6681-protocol-determining+the+structure+of+glycan+moieties+by+mass+spectrometry.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[Acquisition of mass spectra using fast-atom bombardment (FAB), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry is summarized in this unit. Molecular weights of the carbohydrates provide information on their composition in terms of isobaric monosaccharide composition, and tables of residue masses are provided to assist these calculations. More detailed structural analysis can be performed by fragmentation; the main fragmentation modes of ca...]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:40 GMT</pubDate>
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<title>Endo-Galactosidases and Keratanase</title>
<link>http://www.scientistsolutions.com/a6687-protocol-endo_galactosidases+and+keratanase.aspx</link>
<description><![CDATA[This overview covers the endo--galactosidases; enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing a wide range of glycoconjugates. Endo--galactosidases from numerous sources are discussed in terms of their substrate specificities and substrates, as well as their practical research applications.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2009 19:19:40 GMT</pubDate>
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